In the previous post, we explained the difference between Lifespan and Healthspan. We established that the key to a modern longevity strategy is maintaining high quality of life for as long as possible. To achieve this, we must look at the cellular level, where the primary operator of repair and energy processes is NAD+.
What is NAD+?
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a crucial coenzyme found in every living cell of our body. It can be compared to fuel, without which the most important biological engines stop working. It participates in over 500 biochemical reactions, and its role goes far beyond simply supporting metabolism.
Three Pillars of NAD+ Action
1. Energy Production (ATP) NAD+ is an essential link in the process of cellular respiration occurring in the mitochondria. It enables the conversion of nutrients from food into ATP – the body's universal energy currency. Without optimal NAD+ levels, our "cellular power plants" lose efficiency, which we experience as chronic fatigue and decreased recovery.
2. Activation of Sirtuins – The Longevity Genes Sirtuins are a family of proteins responsible for protecting cells from aging. They regulate metabolism, suppress inflammation, and ensure genome stability. However, sirtuins are NAD+-dependent – without this molecule, they remain inactive, depriving us of our natural protective shield against tissue degeneration.
3. DNA Repair Every day, our DNA undergoes thousands of micro-damages due to UV radiation, toxins, or stress. Enzymes from the PARP group are responsible for their repair. Like sirtuins, PARPs require large amounts of NAD+ to function. When its level drops, errors in the genetic code accumulate, which is one of the primary causes of aging.
The Problem: The Inevitable Decline of NAD+
The bad news is that with age, NAD+ production drastically decreases, while its consumption (due to inflammation and DNA repair) sharply increases.
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By age 40-50, we have only about 50% of the NAD+ resources we had in our youth.
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After age 60, this level can drop by as much as 80%.
This energy and repair deficit is directly linked to weakened muscle function, memory problems, and the development of age-related diseases.
Summary
NAD+ is more than just a supplement – it is the foundation of biological integrity. Maintaining its high level is essential if we want our cells to effectively defend themselves against the passage of time and efficiently generate energy.